Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injuries

There are several different types of incomplete spinal cord injuries. These include:

• Central Cord Syndrome: This injury occurs when the central portion of the spinal cord is injured, often resulting in loss of sensation and movement in the legs. Victims may be able to retain functioning of the arms and, in rare cases, could recover some functioning in the lower half.
• Anterior Cord Syndrome: When the front of the spinal cord is damaged, it is known as anterior cord syndrome. Victims may experience issues with sensation, including problems with touch, temperature and pain.
• Posterior Cord Syndrome: This involves an injury to the back of the spinal cord. Victims who suffer posterior cord syndrome frequently retain significant movement, as well as muscle tone and posture, but often experience difficulties with coordination.
• Brown-Sequard Syndrome: When one side of the spinal cord is injured, the victim may suffer Brown-Sequard syndrome. This affects one side of the body, limiting movement and/or sensation in one arm and/or leg but not the others.
• Cauda Equina Lesion: This occurs when the nerves located between the first and second lumbar (lower) area of the spinal cord are damaged. Victims will typically be able to retain movement but will likely experience issues with sensation.

Major Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries

Injuries to the spine occur as a result of trauma to the nerves in the spinal cord, which can cause damage to the vessels, soft tissue, and bones that surround the spinal cord. Most spinal injuries can occur during high-speed vehicle collisions or during contact sports. Spinal cord injuries are commonly caused by:

• Auto accidents
• Slip and falls, especially when victims land on their back
• Falling objects
• Surgical complications
• Sports injuries
• Acts of violence, such as gunshot wounds or assault

Most Common Symptoms of Spinal Cord Damage

When the spine is injured, a person can lose all complete sensation in their body or partial, depending on the severity of the injury. Some of the leading signs of potential spinal cord damage include:

• Weakness
• Lack of coordination
• Paralysis
• Numb / tingling sensations
• Loss of bowel control / bladder control